In this course, first of all types of cells, cell organelles and cells are formed by the light and electron microscope at the level of information about the histological structure and functions are given and then the types of epithelial tissue, their distribution in organisms, their development, structural functional properties, their specific cellular differences, microscopic and molecular properties, types of connective tissue, their distribution in organism, development and microscopic and molecular properties of the basic components of the tissue (extracellular matrix cells), cartilage and bone tissue types, developmental and structural features of the connective tissues, the continuous structure and destruction of the bone tissue, the mechanisms that regulate this balance, the structure and functional properties of skeletal muscle, heart muscle and smooth muscle tissues, the structure of the neurons and neurogens and functional properties will be given.

Epithelial tissue, connective tissue, specialized the connective tissue of cartilage and bone tissue, bone tissue, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and smooth muscle tissue, histologic features of neural tissue and systems that create these tissues constitute the content of the course.

Investigation of embryological mechanisms of embryonic intrauterine growth periods starting from gamet phase and male and female reproductive system and structural and functional abnormalities related to embryo development.

Tissue preparation, fixatives, dehydration agents, transparent agents, paraffin tracking protocol, frozen follow-up protocol, scanning and microscopic follow-up protocol, dyes used in histology, immunohistochemistry methods and immunofleurosans methods will be given.

Methods of protein analysis from the tissue, chromatographic methods by mRNA, DNA, miRNA methods, flow cytometry and Mass spectrophotometric methods will be studied.

The differences between the experimental animal and the laboratory animal, the ideal properties to be searched in the experimental animals, the ethics of the experimental animals, the responsibility for the production and research, the use of experimental animals, the selection of experimental animals for research, the cultivation of experimental animals, the care and production of experimental animals, experimental techniques (anesthesia techniques, injection techniques, blood collection techniques, operation techniques, autopsy), compilation and evaluation of data, some important standard parameters in experimental animals constitute the content of this course.

It is aimed to give general principles and ethical problems in order to obtain primary and cell lines and to cultivate them. General characteristics and differentiation potentials of embryonic and non-embryo (adult) stem cells from stem cell types will be given.

Parts of light microscope and principles of use, cleaning, basic materials and devices used in histology laboratories, basic dyes used in histology laboratories, chemical materials and their storage and archiving, investigation of chemical chamber and archiving system, use of scales, preparation of paint and solution storage principles, glass materials and cleaning, general information about fixation, special care and cleaning of devices, fixatives and mechanisms of action are explained in this course.

Assisted Reproductive Techniques play an important role in the treatment of infertile people. Most of these procedures are performed in embryology laboratories. Sperm counting and preparation in Andrology laboratory, fertilization, embryo monitoring and embryo selection procedures in embryology laboratory are performed. The aim of this course is to teach the theoretical and practical knowledge and skills necessary for this process.

This course includes the definition and history of scientific research in the field of health, research methods strategy, classification of research, health status indicators, descriptive research (person, place and time), case and case series, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, experimental research, methodological studies, systematic review, meta-analysis and qualitative studies.

Determining the subject in scientific research, obtaining the research resources and data, analyzing the obtained data with the appropriate methods and presenting the results are the content of the course.

Students take the qualifying examination in this term.

This course will be under the leadership of a faculty member in the second half of PhD education and includes the literature review, data collection, compilation, analysis and reporting of the results of the project.

Students prepeare to Ph.D thesis in this term.